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	<title>Real Food Blog &#187; DIY</title>
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		<title>Raising Rabbits For Meat</title>
		<link>http://realfoodblog.com/meat-production/raising-rabbits-for-meat/</link>
		<comments>http://realfoodblog.com/meat-production/raising-rabbits-for-meat/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 23 May 2010 13:25:04 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[Meat Production]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DIY]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rabbits]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://realfoodblog.com/?p=556</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Food production is the most important skill in survival. Without sufficient food you’re sunk. You won’t have the energy to protect yourself or your supplies, you won’t be able to get firewood to keep warm, or water to stay hydrated. So yes, you can live for weeks without food, but only if other people are [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://realfoodblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/meat_rabbit.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-557" title="meat_rabbit" src="http://realfoodblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/meat_rabbit-300x269.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="269" /></a></p>
<p>Food production is the most important skill in survival. Without  sufficient food you’re sunk. You won’t have the energy to protect  yourself or your supplies, you won’t be able to get firewood to keep  warm, or water to stay hydrated. So yes, you can live for weeks without  food, but only if other people are there to take care of you and they  have enough food! And meat is one of the best energy foods.  Unfortunately most meat production is a high feed/time endeavor. It  takes a lot of feed and time to get that cow to butcher size. Two years  from birth to butcher if you’re looking at optimum growth. Plus a cow  standing out in a field is going to draw attention, even if you live in  the boonies. That’s why rabbits are such a good survival idea. They are  very low profile, quiet, easy to raise, healthy, easy to feed, reproduce  quickly, and reach butcher size in 10 to 12 weeks. No other livestock  animal has a better feed to weight ratio. Meaning it takes less feed to  get your rabbits to butcher size than any other meat animal. There are  some great rabbit raising books out there with the standard information,  but some info is only learned by experience. These are tricks about  rabbit raising that we had to learn the hard way through trial and  error, or was passed on to us by other rabbit raisers. So if you are a  rabbit raiser or just starting a rabbit journey I hope this helps!</p>
<p><strong>Health</strong><br />
Do not use straw in rabbit cages. If mice have been in the straw their  feces and urine can carry infections that will spread to your rabbits.  We had this happen! Old newspapers, clean grass hay, or dry wood  shavings are the safest.</p>
<p>Wood Shavings as litter: I would only recommend putting litter like  wood shavings, clean grass hay, or newspaper in cages for pregnant  females for their nesting box. But wood shavings have a drawback. The  dust can get in the babies eyes causing eye problems. We had this happen  too! Mother rabbits should make their nest out of fur they pull off  themselves, more on that later.</p>
<p>Clean litter trays frequently, at least once a week. Rabbit urine is  high in ammonia and can cause health problems for your rabbits if left  to accumulate. Keep your rabbits in a well-ventilated area. Rabbit  droppings make excellent compost!</p>
<p>Give your rabbit a piece of natural wood to chew; they really like  apple wood branches. This helps keep their teeth from growing too long.<br />
Always put an untreated piece of board in the cage for your rabbit to  sit on. Meat breeds are heavy and the pressure can cause sores called  hutch sores to form on the bottoms of the feet.<br />
If hutch sores occur build an outside run for your rabbit. Cover on  the top with wire or wood but not the bottom. Let the rabbit run on  ground until the sores are healed. Letting the problem go can cause feet  problems or even death!</p>
<p>We use wire stackable cages with wire bottoms with trays underneath  each rabbit to catch the urine and feces. We use wood shavings in the  trays to absorb the urine and keep the smell down. It works much better  than newspaper or straw. Stackable cages take up less space, are easy to  clean, and make rabbit chores go faster. They are also easier to keep  in a secure location like a garage or basement. Worth the price in my  opinion.<br />
Empty aluminum  soda pop cans are fun and safe toys for rabbits to  play with. Rabbits get bored too and can start destructive behavior! But  be careful, a few rabbits will actually bite through the metal. If you  have one of these then take the can out and try something else.<br />
Always provide a mineral salt lick for rabbit health. Make sure its  “mineral” not plain salt. And stock up, they are cheap right now, but  may be unavailable later.<br />
Keep rabbit food secure from mice. They carry diseases!<br />
Give pregnant and nursing females oats (about ¼ cup per day), they  love it and it helps build up fat stores for good baby production. Also  give to babies to fatten them up for dinner!</p>
<p><strong>Kindling/Baby Problems</strong><br />
This is the most problematic aspect of rabbits. You will devote more  time to kindling (rabbit birth and newborn babies) than anything else in  rabbit care. While rabbits are easier to breed and raise than chickens  in my opinion, that is only true with a good experienced doe (female  rabbit). If you have good mom, baby care on your part is non-existent.  Here are some hard learned tricks to problems.<br />
Do not use wood shavings in kindling (birth) box! Give the doe  newspaper or clean grass hay if it seems like she is not pulling fur  good enough. Putting grass hay and newspaper in may also stimulate her  to start building a nest. Do this about a week before kindling (birth).</p>
<p><strong>First Time Mothers</strong><br />
Almost everyone you talk to and every book you read will say that  first time mothers will always loose the first litter of babies. And  frankly this is pretty true. But I have noticed that it is usually due  to the mother not making a good enough nest and the babies getting  chilled as they are born furless. Also the mother almost never gives the  first really good feeding that is necessary after birth, causing the  kits to be weak. Put those two together and you have dead babies! So  here are ways I have solved this problem. Works in other situations too.<br />
Chilled babies: So you go out and find babies chilled and close to  death. Or maybe you think they are dead. Hold on! Unless the baby is  actually frozen to the wire they may be just barely still alive. Get  them inside and if they are hardly moving submerge them up to their neck  in warm (not hot!) water. Be careful to not get the head wet. I have  had babies that were so still it took this measure to show me they were  alive. And like a miracle they came back. Now after they are moving  pretty well take them out and gently rub them with a warm dry cloth,  being careful of the umbilical cord area. Once dry put them in a box  with a heating pad covered with a folded towel or hot water bottles to  keep them nice and warm.</p>
<p><strong>Weakness due to lack of milk</strong><br />
If momma didn’t feed them right after birth your going to have weak  babies who will be unable to nurse the next time, or if momma rejected  them and you need to put them on a surrogate mother (more on surrogates  later) the babies will need enough energy to nurse once put back with a  mom. Here is what I do and it usually works. Make a warm sugar water  solution 2 parts water to 1 part table sugar. Put in an eyedropper and  put in warmed babies mouth. Do not give to a chilled baby! Wait until  you warm it up. Give only one drop of sugar water at a time; it is  horribly easy to drown these babies! After two drops stop. With any more   you risk drowning the baby. You should see them swallowing while  feeding, don’t force it. You will see these babies start moving around  making noises and looking for food as energy increases. Now you know  they are ready to be given back to mom or surrogate mom. If you fear  it’s too cold outside bring mom to the babies inside to feed them.  Mother rabbits only feed babies once a day. Some moms won’t feed under  these conditions and then your going to have to try taking babies out to  mom twice a day and bringing them inside until they get fur. Or to  solve this problem keep your rabbits in a rabbit barn with heat  available, or only breed in warm weather.<br />
Insufficient Nest: Mother rabbits should pull out their fur to make a  nice warm nest, but first timers almost always do a bad job. If this  happens you’ll have to do it for her. After birth (if you do this while  mom is still pregnant you can kill the babies inside her due to her  struggling) take mom out and gently pull fur from her tummy and sides.  It will come out easy due to hormones and reveal her nipples to babies.  Shove all this fur into a nice nest shape and make a hollow with your  fist. Put babies in and cover with fur. Now put mom in and watch  closely. If she tries to reject them you will know because they will  start screaming as she hurts them. Get them out! Now you have a problem.  Hopefully you can find a surrogate mom.</p>
<p>Surrogate moms: I always breed more than one rabbit at the same time,  that way if one mom rejects or has too many babies to support you can  give them to another mom. Most rabbits can only support about 8 to ten  babies at one time. And if you are breeding meat rabbits your going to  have big litters. If different litters are born too far apart it is  harder to get the surrogate to accept them. So breed together. Here is  how to get a surrogate to accept different babies. In the morning (not  night) take the babies and put them in the new nest. Cover well with  moms fur so they will smell like the other babies, you can also rub  vanilla extract on moms nose to help mask the scent. Now watch mom  closely, if she rejects you will know. Check the babies a few times  first day, trying not to upset mom. The more you mess with a new mom the  more likely she is to kill her babies.</p>
<p>As I have said meat rabbits have big litters so your other moms may  not have room to take more babies. What then? Well, you can keep another  smaller breed of rabbit just for surrogating. The smaller lops make  excellent moms. We always bred our pet Holland at the same time as the  meat rabbits. Smaller rabbits generally have smaller litters, but can  still support up to eight babies. Our Holland was a rock! She accepted  anything and always took great care of her litters. Also bonus, you can  tell whose babies are who’s. This is important for future breeding  purposes. If all babies look alike then you will not be able to tell  which babies came from which moms for future breeding.</p>
<p><strong>Buck Problems</strong><br />
Most bucks (male rabbits) have no problems except one. Due to living  in a small cage they have very little staying power when it comes to  breeding. So when you are trying to breed a male to a female he gets  tired very quickly. The solution is to give your buck an open space or  rabbit run to live on. His muscles will be stronger and he will breed  better as a result. Just make sure it is secure from dogs and predators!<br />
Predator problems &#8211; Animal and Human<br />
Rabbits are a prey animal for pretty much anything bigger than a  squirrel. So securing your rabbits is a major concern. The biggest  predators Pre-<a href="http://www.survivalblog.com/glossary.html#SHTF" target="_blank">SHTF</a> are neighborhood dogs. They get really excited  when they see a rabbit and kill mode kicks in! Even a Yorkie could kill  your rabbits simply by jumping at them and barking. Rabbits aren’t the  cleverest of creatures and panic easily. When they get really scared  they will run circles in their cages and jump up sometimes breaking  their own backs! Any rabbit not in a secure cage is a sitting duck for  owls, dogs, cats, hawks, raccoons, skunks, badgers, possums, and mean  kids! And that is just in town! So my advice is put your rabbits in a  rabbit barn. This can be a humble shed, garage, or basement. This will  become even more important in a SHTF situation. You will not want people  [outside your family] knowing that you have meat available.</p>
<p><strong>Heat &#8211; The Silent Rabbit Killer</strong><br />
The most tragic thing to come home to is a barn full of  heatstroke-killed rabbits. Rabbits can die of heat stroke in 80 degree  Fahrenheit weather. That’s it! They are covered in nice warm fur, which  is great in cold weather, but not in the heat. Here are the ways to  avoid heat death:<br />
1. Shade! Never, ever, put your rabbit hutch in direct sun in warm  weather, or<strong> they will die!</strong> Put your hutches or cages in  the shade of a building or tree.<br />
2. Always provide frozen water bottles for your rabbit to lie on in  the heat. I like big 2 liter ones for our meat rabbits because they last  most of the day. Keep one in the cage while the other one is in the  freezer refreezing.<br />
2. Always provide lots of water in the heat. Use water bottle feeders  so the rabbits can’t defecate in them or spill them.<br />
3. In really hot weather 90 or above soak the hutch roof and sides in  water from a hose several times a day to cool it down.<br />
4. If you notice your rabbits panting take action immediately, your  rabbits are in heat stroke! Mist your rabbits with the hose and put  frozen water or pop bottles in the cage with them. Monitor to make sure  they are cooling down.<br />
5. If a rabbit is laying still in the cage and won’t wake or is  sluggish but still breathing it is now in a coma from heat. Get it out  and submerge in a bucket of cold water up to the neck. It should revive  if not too far gone.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion</strong><br />
Rabbits are an easy animal to raise once you get the cages and feeders,  and much of that you can make yourself. They are also perfect for kids  to care for, as they are small, cute, and generally non-aggressive. The  worst you will get from a rabbit is a bad scratch. A cow or a pig  however, could easily kill or injure your eight to ten-year-old child.</p>
<p>If you had 5 to 10 does breeding every two months you would have a  good meat supply for the year. Another major advantage is that you can  butcher for daily needs. If you butcher a hog or cow you have to  process, pickle, salt, or freeze hundreds of pounds of meat all at once.  It’s a tricky business to do safely. With rabbits you have no  possibility of spoilage and a nice pelt of fur to turn into clothing. We  have seen interest in our rabbits triple in the past months. So much so  that I have run out of breeders to sell. This is something that has  never happened to me before! People are waking up and looking for ways  to ensure food safety. If you are looking to buy breeding stock then  make sure they are young (under a year of age) or proven to be fertile,  and buy from a good breeder who knows about proper care and feeding.  Good Luck!</p>
<p>Source: <a title="Survival Blog" href="http://www.survivalblog.com/2010/05/some_tips_and_tricks_on_raisin.html" target="_blank">Survival Blog</a></p>
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		<title>Keeping a Family Cow</title>
		<link>http://realfoodblog.com/dairy-production/keeping-a-family-cow/</link>
		<comments>http://realfoodblog.com/dairy-production/keeping-a-family-cow/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 20 May 2010 11:57:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Dairy Production]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cow]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DIY]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[raw milk]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://realfoodblog.com/?p=551</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[By Karen Keb A dairy cow provides lots of practical benefits. Perhaps the most notable is that cows eating a grass-based diet can provide great-tasting dairy products that are more nutritious and flavorful than those you can buy in most grocery stores. Raising a family dairy cow is a fun experience, plus it’s a great [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em><a href="http://realfoodblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/jersey_cow.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-552" title="jersey_cow" src="http://realfoodblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/jersey_cow-139x300.jpg" alt="" width="139" height="300" /></a></em></p>
<p><em>By Karen Keb</em></p>
<p>A dairy cow provides lots of practical benefits. Perhaps the most notable is that cows eating a grass-based diet can provide great-tasting dairy products that are more nutritious and flavorful than those you can buy in most grocery stores. Raising a family dairy cow is a fun experience, plus it’s a great step toward self-sufficiency and food security. Surplus dairy products from the cow and meat from calves could even bring in extra income for your family. Keeping a homestead dairy cow is a big commitment though, so you’ll want to prepare carefully.</p>
<p>The Daily Dairy Cow Routine</p>
<p>A cow produces milk in order to feed her calf. After the cow has given birth, she must be milked (or her calf allowed to nurse) at least twice daily or the milk will stop flowing. Count on about nine to 10 months of milk production, allowing the cow to rest at least two months before a new calf is born. Your daily routine will consist of feeding, milking twice a day or milking once a day and separating the calf from the cow eight to 12 hours before you milk. (Keep reading for more details.) You will also need to muck out the milking area frequently and move fences for rotational grazing as needed.</p>
<p>Feeding. A dairy cow needs two principal components in her diet to be healthy: roughage and protein. Roughage mainly consists of cellulose and can be supplied by pasture and various forms of hay. Good grass hay and grass pasture can contain sufficient protein for animal maintenance, but for a lactating dairy cow, higher protein feeds such as alfalfa hay, grass-legume pasture or protein supplements will increase milk production. She’ll also need a mineral supplement and salt, and a lactating cow can drink up to 30 gallons of water per day, so you’ll need to provide plenty of fresh water.</p>
<p>In winter when the pasture is sparse, good hay — and possibly additional grain or premixed feed — will be necessary. If you can feed leafy alfalfa hay (2 to 3 pounds per 100 pounds of body weight), this will be all she needs. However, if you want to increase the cow’s milk production, feed a grain supplement in the form of chopped or ground oats, barley, corn or wheat every day, regardless of season.</p>
<p>During the summer, the cow can get all the nutrients and protein she needs from grazing a lush pasture consisting of legumes and grasses. In many regions, a cow and calf will need at least an acre of good pasture. In regions with poor soil or little rain, 10 acres or more may be necessary to support the pair.</p>
<p>Milking. Ideally, milking should be timed at 12-hour intervals. A cow with a full, distended udder is not a happy cow; don’t inflict this on her by milking erratically. With the family cow, you have the option of milking just once a day by letting the calf help you out. Leave the calf with the cow overnight. Separate them in the morning, and by evening, the cow will be ready for milking (this approach lets you avoid early morning milkings if you have an 8-to-5 job). Using this system, the calf may nurse beyond normal weaning periods (about eight weeks for most dairy calves), and you won’t need to mess around with the bottle feeding that would be required if you were milking twice a day and feeding some to the calf.</p>
<p>Dairy breeds can produce up to 8 gallons per day, although 3 gallons is more typical for a family dairy cow on a grass-only diet. The calf only needs about 5 quarts to 2 gallons per day if it has access to good pasture as it grows. You can assume the calf will drink half the cow’s daily production if you keep the two together about 12 hours a day.</p>
<p>Washing the cow’s udder before milking will help relax her. Equipment (and your hands) should be scrupulously clean, too. Several books, websites and online videos explain the process of hand milking a cow.</p>
<p>After you’ve got the milk in a bucket, you will need to quickly strain it to remove debris and cool it to limit bacteria growth. To strain the milk, you can purchase a commercial milk strainer and paper filters, or pour the milk through four layers of dish towels or cheesecloth over a large colander and bowl.</p>
<p>If you prefer to pasteurize milk, do this after straining, but before cooling. The easiest method is to use a home milk-pasteurizer machine. These machines can be purchased for about $300 for a 2-gallon unit. For an easy stovetop method, read <a href="http://www.motherearthnews.com/Ask-Our-Experts/Real-Food/How-To-Pasteurize-Raw-Milk.aspx" target="_self">How do I pasteurize raw milk at home?</a> </p>
<p><span id="more-551"></span></p>
<p>Breeding and Birth</p>
<p>Soon after giving birth to her first calf, your cow will need to be bred. She will “freshen” (have a calf and start producing milk) about nine and a half months from the date she “settles” (gets pregnant); her second heat after calving is an ideal time to breed her. For the strongest calves, time the birth when spring pastures are lush. You will be milking (and her calf may be nursing) until the last two or three months before the cow gives birth. At that time she’ll need to be “dried up” (stop being milked) to allow her body to prepare for her new calf.</p>
<p>You don’t need to own a bull to breed your cow. Your options include taking your cow to a bull for breeding or artificial insemination (AI). The easiest method will undoubtedly be AI, unless your neighbor just happens to have a suitable bull and you can walk your cow over for a visit. You can hire an AI technician to do the job, or take a course and do it yourself. Another breeding option is to raise or buy a yearling beef-breed bull and have it processed after your cow is bred.</p>
<p>If you intend to raise your calf for beef, breed your cow to a smaller beef-type bull, such as an Angus. Either way, you’ll want to select a bull that roughly matches the size of your cow — anything larger and she may have trouble birthing a large calf. Dairy breeds usually calve easily, but make sure you’re prepared for problems.</p>
<p>If you want homegrown, grass-fed beef, you can raise the calf until it reaches appropriate slaughter weight (typically about 1,200 pounds, but smaller if you prefer) at about 2 years old, and take it to a processor who will butcher and package the beef for you. You can also sell or give away the calf as a bottle baby for a local 4-H project.</p>
<p>Fencing and Facilities</p>
<p>Although you could tether your cow to a stake and move it daily, it’s a bit risky for the cow. She could get tangled in the rope and be injured. If you can keep an eye on her most of the day while she’s tethered, it might be worthwhile so you won’t have to invest in fencing. Usually, building a perimeter fence is the best option.</p>
<p>The best way to keep cattle on grass is with a rotational grazing system. This process involves dividing pastures into small paddocks and controlling the cow’s access to fresh grass, often using an electric fence that you move every few days. Lush grass grows back in the recently grazed pasture while the cow is grazing a fresh section.</p>
<p>For interior fences and paddock dividers, one strand of electrified high-tensile wire works effectively on cattle that are trained to respect electric fences. But if you plan to raise calves in those same paddocks, two or three wires will be more effective.</p>
<p>Dairy cows require modest shelter against cold winds and rain or snow. A simple shelter can be constructed from recycled materials such as old telephone poles, plywood and corrugated metal.</p>
<p>An outbuilding with a concrete floor that can be kept relatively clean and sanitary is ideal for milking. You can halter and tie your cow to a vertical post if she’s gentle, or use a stanchion to restrain her. Especially gentle and experienced cows can be milked standing in the field.</p>
<p>Get Your Dairy Cow</p>
<p>A cow of any good dual-purpose breed (Dexter, Red Poll, Milking Shorthorn, Randall Lineback or others) will produce a good beef calf, provide it with enough milk, and produce more than enough milk for most families’ needs. Veterinarian D. Phillip Sponenberg says, “For home dairy use, a number of the heritage breeds make a lot of sense. They thrive on average pasture and produce plenty of milk for home use, and owners with even a single cow can make real and important contributions to the conservation of these genetic treasures that we may well need for future agricultural needs.” (For more on heritage-breed cows, check out the <a href="/http/www.albc-usa.org" target="_blank">American Livestock Breeds Conservancy</a>.)</p>
<p>Ask around in your circle of rural friends, the local extension office or farm stores for advice on finding cows for sale in your area. You might find your cow or cow/calf pair at a local dairy farm, or check <a href="http://www.craigslist.org/" target="_blank">Craigslist</a>. If you don’t have experience with cattle, try to buy an older cow with a placid nature.</p>
<p>If you have a knowledgeable neighbor or friend, take her or him with you when looking at a cow that’s for sale. Before buying, do a visual inspection and ask lots of questions: How old is she and how many seasons has she been milked? Has she been hand-milked or machine-milked? Do you have proof that the cow is tuberculosis and brucellosis-free? Has she had calving problems? Does she have any health or behavior problems? If possible, milk her yourself or watch her being milked and examine the milk for signs of mastitis: stringy milk, clots or blood.</p>
<p>If you want a particular breed, check the classified ads in rural-lifestyle and farming magazines, or go to that particular breed’s association website and locate a breeder within a reasonable distance.</p>
<p>Annual Budget for Keeping a Family Cow</p>
<p>There are lots of variables in a budget for a family milk cow, but after you own the cow, have summer pasture, install the fence, and have basic equipment, the primary cost on an annual basis will be for feed. Bull rental (or semen), vet bills and supplements are also variable costs. But the one-year estimates below show that keeping a cow can save you money compared to buying milk and meat at retail prices.</p>
<p>You can “stockpile” some of the pasture, saving it for winter grazing, but to maintain health and production, you’ll usually need to supplement the cow’s diet with high-quality hay when grass isn’t growing.</p>
<p>Calves raised for beef are usually slaughtered at about 2 years old when they’re approaching 1,200 pounds. But you can take advantage of summer pasture, and make or buy less hay, if you butcher the calf right before winter, when the calf is about a year and a half old and probably about 700 pounds.</p>
<p>Cost of alfalfa hay: $810<br />
Assumes 42.5 lbs. x 200 days; $190 per ton in small, square bales</p>
<p>Value of milk available for human consumption: $3,000 to $5,215<br />
3.5 gal. x 270 days = 945 gal.; bottle-fed calf drinks 200 gallons in about two months before weaning; net 745 gal. at $7/gal., compares to premium, locally produced milk. Even with a more conservative $4/gal., the value of milk would be about $3,000. If you milk only once a day and allow the calf to nurse instead of feeding it with a bottle, the calf will drink more milk daily and can be weaned when it’s 8 or 9 months old. In this situation, you could expect about 470 gal. of milk for human consumption.</p>
<p>Value of grass-fed meat: $1,575<br />
700 lb. calf at 18 months old, producing 350 pounds of meat at $4.50/lb.</p>
<p>Annual value: $3,765 to $5,980</p>
<p>Source: <a href="http://www.motherearthnews.com/print-article.aspx?id=2147488865">Mother Earth News</a></p>
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		<title>Growing Oyster Mushrooms On Used Coffee Grounds</title>
		<link>http://realfoodblog.com/mycology/growin-your-own-oyster-mushrooms-on-used-coffee-grounds/</link>
		<comments>http://realfoodblog.com/mycology/growin-your-own-oyster-mushrooms-on-used-coffee-grounds/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 08 Mar 2010 15:33:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Mycology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DIY]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mushrooms]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Bury fresh oyster mushrooms in a bucket of damp grounds, wait a while, keep moist. After several weeks, harvest your own homegrown gourmet fungus for free. Most other species of edible mushrooms are so particular about their environment that growing them in captivity requires a lot of careful work beyond what most people are willing to [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://realfoodblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/oyster_bucket.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-401" title="oyster_bucket" src="http://realfoodblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/oyster_bucket-300x168.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="168" /></a></p>
<blockquote><p><strong><br />
Bury fresh oyster mushrooms in a bucket of damp grounds, wait a while, keep moist.<br />
After several weeks, harvest your own homegrown gourmet fungus for free.</strong></p></blockquote>
<p>Most other species of edible mushrooms are so particular about their environment that growing them in captivity requires a lot of careful work beyond what most people are willing to attempt. <em>Pleurotus Ostreatus</em>, on the other hand, is such a thriving and eager producer that it can be &#8220;copied&#8221; in your own home with a simple non-sterile procedure.</p>
<p><strong>You will need:</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>A container &#8212; a 5 gallon plastic bucket is a good choice</li>
<li>Coffee grounds &#8212; enough to fill the container halfway</li>
<li>Fresh oyster mushrooms, about 2 ounces / 50g or more</li>
<li>A spray bottle.</li>
<li>Some recipes to make use of the results</li>
</ol>
<p><strong><br />
</strong><strong>Notes on source materials:</strong></p>
<p>Your source mushrooms, at least in many American cities, can be bought at a grocery store or supermarket. They must be fresh, not dried, but they don&#8217;t have to be in perfect condition. In fact, when you can find some that have begun to round the bend just slightly, those are the ones you want. Some Oysters seem not to realize they&#8217;ve been cut and packaged for sale: if you look closely you will find the more exuberant specimens continuing to produce new primordia and even fully-formed stems and caps right off of their own dying bodies. These more virulent examples make excellent starting material for a home culture.</p>
<p>To obtain the necessary volume of coffee grounds, you can either save your own for a while or, better, half-fill your container with recently discarded grounds from a coffee house. If you explain and ask nicely, or just make an excuse about a compost project you&#8217;re working on, most coffee bars will allow you to take away some of their waste material.</p>
<p>It&#8217;s preferable to bring home a mass of very fresh grounds like this rather than use your own, because the mass will tend to be properly hydrated, undecomposed, and uncolonized by competitor organisms. Once you establish your Oyster colony you can continue to feed it with leftover grounds from your own kitchen any time.</p>
<h4>Planting your own colony is easy</h4>
<p>First, make certain the grounds are at a reasonable moisture level. If you can squeeze liquid out of a handful, they&#8217;re too wet. If a handful, when squeezed into a ball, won&#8217;t hold together for a second, that is probably too dry. Excess water will breed competitor organisms and restrict the respiration that your oysters need to grow (they expire carbon dioxide, as we do). Insufficient water will stunt or entirely prevent their growth.</p>
<p>Having checked the water content, simply make your container half-full with grounds, then scoop out a hole sufficient to bury your source mushroom in the grounds. Tear your source Oyster (gently) into several pieces and lay them in the hole, then cover lightly with grounds, not too deep. About an inch of grounds covering the mushroom is good.</p>
<h4>Care and feeding</h4>
<p>What we call a mushroom is only the surface part of the organism &#8212; its reproductive parts, in fact. Before producing actual mushrooms, the organism must grow its main body, known as mycelium, under the surface of its food source.</p>
<p>Maintenance of your Oyster colony is very simple. Keep a lid covering most or all of the container, but not closed tight. Keep the material inside moist by spraying with water now and then. Depending on where you live, water may be needed in the morning and evening, or less than once per day. You will need to experiment with how open or closed the lid is kept, to keep a humid, but not stale, environment in the container.  Experiment also with the temperature, by keeping the container in different locations &#8212; some strains of oysters prefer a range of around 55-70°F / 13-21°C; some will thrive in a somewhat cooler or warmer range.</p>
<p><span id="more-400"></span></p>
<p>New grounds can be introduced to the container on a regular basis. The colony will still work if you don&#8217;t, but you will see the original substrate shrink a lot over time as it is consumed by the oysters&#8217; metabolism. So feeding the colony is good. But you don&#8217;t want to feed it so much and so often that its growing mycelium gets too deeply buried. The mycelium is a whitish, stranded, fungal growth that constitutes the underground body of the mushrooms, necessary to their growth before they put up their edible fruiting bodies. After giving the organism an initial week or so to recover from transplant shock and begin growing, you should be able to locate mycelium somewhere in the grounds by gently digging. If you can&#8217;t find any mycelial growth at all, either the grounds are out of the proper temperature or moisture range, or you&#8217;re burying the organism too deeply.</p>
<h4>Results</h4>
<p>The length of time before there are new mushrooms to harvest will depend on climate and temperature. It seems to be a common experience of home Oyster growers to nearly give up on the colony and then, not long after that, take another look to find delicious clusters of gourme<a title="gourmet" onmouseup="document.cookie='lastnode_id=0; ; path=/'; 1;" href="http://everything2.com/title/gourmet">t</a> love just waiting to be picked. Perhaps this is due to an effect common to many species of mushroom, in which a slight shock (such as underwatering due to abandonment) actually brings on fruiting &#8212; as long as sufficient mycelium has been generated under the surface first. Typically, though, if you just follow the maintenance suggestions above, you&#8217;ll have edible results in three to five weeks. The mushroom needs to grow a network of mycelium under the surface, strengthen itself by metabolizing a lot of the raw materials in the coffee-grounds substrate, build a lot of new cells, and finally burst to the surface with new fruiting bodies. This takes some time. Fortunately the burden of ownership is nothing more difficult than daily watering.</p>
<h4>Harvesting</h4>
<p>Harvest your new mushrooms with a sharp knife, attempting to cleanly sever their above-ground parts without disturbing the surrounding grounds or damaging any immature mushrooms that are nearby. Smaller ones will continue to grow from day to day. For good-tasting and healthy Oysters you&#8217;ll want to harvest the ones that have reached a fair size but haven&#8217;t come too close to spreading their gills yet. Try not to allow any of them to fully mature and open up to drop their spores &#8212; this has an inhibiting effect on nearby growth.</p>
<h4>Storage <small>and lack thereof</small></h4>
<p>Oyster mushrooms really should not be stored for long. Save them for up to a day or two in a refrigerator, but try to cook and eat them on the same day you harvest them. As much as they seem to thrive and regrow more willingly than other mushrooms, Oysters also have a very short shelf life, beyond which they quickly begin to taste fishy and may even be harmful to your health.</p>
<p>Oyster mushrooms are delicious when sautéed lightly with other tasty ingredients, as toppings on polenta or pizza, in omelettes or quiche, and in sauces.</p>
<h3>Enjoy!</h3>
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